Zangeneh, Hamadan province, in now Iran. 

Henequen [Bolívar, Colombia]

Nova Scotia,

a province of Canada

Antioch, a large city in the Roman Empire, visited by St Paul in Acts, and which is now called Antalya, in Turkey, near to the Syrian border.

Huaraz [Ancash, Peru]

Zimmerman, a small town north of Minnesota's Twin Cities.

New Amsterdam, established originally by the Dutch West Indies Company, and renamed New York, on 6th September 1664. "A city so nice that it was named twice"? 

Posted by: @waggawerewolf27

New Amsterdam, established originally by the Dutch West Indies Company, and renamed New York, on 6th September 1664. "A city so nice that it was named twice"? 

I've always thought the "named twice" saying refers to the fact that New York City is in New York State, and so when you say or write the names of the city and its state, it's "New York, New York"... as in the song.   But both those explanations fit.

Getting back to the game (and taking New Amsterdam as the previous answer)... 

Manhattan, the island on which the original and still most famous portion of New York City is built. 

Norway

Yulara [Northern Territory, Australia]

Ankara, capital of Türkiye.

Anaheim, a suburb of Los Angeles

(where on arrival in USA for the first time I ate second breakfast at a mexican restaurant while waiting to phone my hosts to pick me up;  they thought me hilarious for not noticing the main entrance to a certain entertainment-land across the road!)

Meybod, a town in an ancient area called Yasd, in Central Iran, important during the Sasanian era, from 224 to 651 AD. 

Dar es Salaam, the largest city in Tanzania (with a name meaning "Home of Peace"). 

Mombasa, Kenya, one of the stops Portuguese Captain, Vasco da Gama made on the way to India in 1497 AD.